The past decade has witnessed an exponential increase in research activities related to soft, stretchable electronics. Request pdf stretchable electronics with its comprehensive coverage this handbook and ready reference brings. However, the mechanical mismatch between the rigid conventional electronics and the soft human body causes many problems. The present invention provides electronic systems, including device arrays, comprising functional devices andor device components at least partially enclosed via one or more containment chambers, such that the devices andor device components are at least partially, and optionally entirely, immersed in a containment fluid. This remarkable behavior has led to a foray of stretchable electronics in diverse fields that were originally untouched by conventional rigid. Soft materialenabled, flexible hybridelectronics for. The development and mechanical characterization of a novel technology for stretchable electronics is presented, which can be used for the realization of wearable textile electronics and biomedical. Request pdf stretchable organic integrated circuits for largearea electronic skin surfaces recent advances in stretchable electronics have seen the emergence of new technologies, and. Smartphones and watches will give way to the bodynet 1. Soft microfluidic assemblies of sensors, circuits, and.
Inplane deformation mechanics of highly stretchable. Current approaches for stretchable conductors use strain engineering or composite materials. On the other hand, carbon nanofiber or nanofibersilver nanocomposites dispersed in polymeric matrices can combine high electrical conductivity with exceptional stretching properties. Wo2014124049a2 stretchable electronic systems with.
Recent advances of wearable and flexible piezoresistivity. The islandinterconnect structure presents another architecture, which is widely used in stretchable electronics. A rapid and inexpensive method to produce highresolution liquid metal patterns and electronics on stretchable substrates was introduced. Membraneinterfaceelastomer structures for stretchable. Thinfilm electronics intimately laminated onto the skin imperceptibly equip the human body with electronic components for healthmonitoring and information technologies. Silver or copper coatings printed in fabric have shown good electrical conductivity, an essential property in wearable electronics, however they have problems when stretched due to their fragility. High porosities 80% result in unprecedented low electroly. Two liquidphase galliumindium gain alloy patterns, conductive lines, and interdigitated electrodes, were directly written or shadow maskprinted on a prestretched elastomeric substrate surface. Under stretch, the islands, which carry all the functional components, are kept nearly undeformed. Highly stretchable and mechanically tunable antennas based. The approach presented here does not prevent cracking, rather it aims to precisely control the crack positions and their.
Jst erato someya bioharmonized electronics project march 23, 2014, tokyo, japan department of electrical engineering and information systems, the university of tokyo, seeks a few postdoctoral scientists who have strong backgrounds in organic electronics andor bio electronics in general, especially thinfilm devices, integrated circuits. Useful containment fluids for use in containment chambers of. Technologies that combine electronic components with the human body. Materials and designs for power supply systems in skininterfaced electronics published as part of the accounts of chemical research special issue wearable bioelectronics. There are approaches allowing for large area thin films to be stretched by tens of percent without cracking. Printable metalpolymer conductors for highly stretchable. A stretchable conductor is a crucial component required as electrodes for signal probing or interconnects between various electrical components in stretchable electronics. The primary developing trends in flexible and stretchable electronics involve the. Designing thin, ultrastretchable electronics with stacked circuits.
Woodruff school of mechanical engineering, college of engineering, georgia institute of technology, atlanta, ga 30332, usa. Rogerse, yonggang huanga,nn a department of engineering mechanics, zhejiang university, hangzhou 310027, china b departments of civil and environmental engineering and mechanical engineering, center for. Yet accomplishing these two main properties simultaneously is still very challenging. Meanwhile, printable stretchable electrode materials are especially convenient for the production of largearea electronics. Rugged and breathable forms of stretchable electronics. Design and applications of stretchable and selfhealable.
Stretchable silicon nanoribbon electronics for skin. More recently, demonstration experiments showed that deformable ionic gels can serve as elements of highperformance, stretchable graphene transistors. Soft, flexible, and stretchable electronic devices provide a novel platform to. Here we show printable, highly stretchable, and biocompatible metalpolymer conductors by casting and peeling off polymers from patterned liquid metal particles, forming surfaceembedded metal in polymeric hosts. For stretchable organic electronics, some of which are sensitive to atmospheric corrosion, that is an important advantage because no highly hermetic and stretchable permeation barrier has been invented yet. Someya, stretchable electronics wileyvch, weinheim, 20. A theoretical model of reversible adhesion in shape memory surface relief structures and its application in transfer printing yeguang xuea,b, yihui zhanga,c,n, xue fengc, seok kimd, john a. Combining the stretchable interconnects in figure 1. Someya and coworkers reported a printable agfluorine rubberbased conductor with high conductivity 6168935 scm and stretchable 400%. Flexible and stretchable electronics have attracted increasing attention and been widely used in wearable devices and electronic skins, where the circuits for flexible and stretchable electronics are typically inplanebased 2d geometries.
Due to the soft, complaint nature of human tissues and the natural bending or rotational motion associated by joints, both the structure and materials should be soft and mechanically robust enough to bend, stretch, press, and twist in. Combining elastomers into mine structures is a powerful design principle that provides unique combinations of properties that a single elastomer cannot deliver. Figure 1a presents a schematic illustration of a device with a peelaway view at one of the corners to illustrate the multilayered. Unlike the islands, the electrical interconnects are. Soft and conformable electronics are emerging rapidly and is envisioned as the future of nextgeneration electronic devices where devices can be readily deployed in various environments, such as onbody, onskin or as a biomedical implant. A theoretical model of reversible adhesion in shape memory. In order to achieve stretchable electronics, it is crucial to choose the proper substrates, among which pdms is the most commonly used polymer due its easy fabrication. Highly stretchable fullyprinted cntbased electrochemical. A clear advance in soft actuators conformable decoders. Stretchable polymerized high internal phase emulsion. Stretchable wireless electronics wireless rating strain sensor arti.
Here, we demonstrate a conducting polymer foam in which strain and strainrateinvariant conductance and compliance are. Materials and mechanics for stretchable electronics. Threedimensional integrated stretchable electronics sheng xu. Stretchable large area electronics conform to arbitrarilyshaped 3d surfaces and enables comfortable contact to the human skin and other biological tissue. Stretchable and transparent kirigami conductor of nanowire. Work in just the past 10 years has established the utility of similar electrolyte gate electrodes in printed and organic electronics. Two novel techniques of fabric sensing using carbon nanofibers. However, most stretchable conductors for such devices are toxic, costly, and regularly breakdegrade after several large deformations. Stretchable organic integrated circuits for largearea.
We develop a class of stretchable dipole antennas based on embedding threedimensional liquid metal network into an elastically soft elastomer as conductive branches, which can be highly stretched up to a strain of 300% while presenting highquality reflection coefficient around. Adhesion between the stretchable electrode and the substrate is a key property in stretchable electronics. Liquid metals for soft and stretchable electronics. Then, the prestretched substrate was released to recover.
Pdf a stretchable carbon nanotube strain sensor for. Stretchable semiconductors and electronic circuits preferred for some applications are. In an aspect, the present invention provides stretchable, and optionally printable, components such as semiconductors and electronic circuits capable of providing good performance when stretched, compressed, flexed or otherwise deformed, and related methods of making or tuning such stretchable components. Klaus hecker, managing director of oea organic and printed electronics association and coorganizer of the annual lopec. Materials free fulltext printable stretchable silver. Materials for stretchable electronics compliant with printed circuit. In stretchable electronics, devices are subject to alternating tensile and compressive strain. A stacked construct in stretchable electronics can also be obtained via. We introduce an all solutionprocessed type of electronics and sensors that are rubbery and intrinsically stretchable as an outcome from all the. A general strategy to impart mechanical stretchability to stretchable electronics involves engineering materials into special architectures to accommodate or eliminate the mechanical strain in nonstretchable electronic materials while stretched. A conformal bioimager will help us obtain safe, secure and comfortable society. Stretchable and ultraflexible organic electronics mrs bulletin volume 42 february 2017 w w w. Tio 2 nws at different stages during the coating process.
Polymerized high internal phase emulsions are introduced as a new type of highly ionically conductive separators in stretchable batteries. Liquid metals may be used, for example, as conductors for hyperelastic wires, stretchable antennas, optical structures, conformal electrodes, deformable interconnects, selfhealing wires, components in microsystems, reconfigurable circuit elements, and soft circuit boards. Electronics are set to merge with our bodies to extend our perceptions. Advances in microelectronics have yielded highquality devices that allow for intensive signal collection or transmission. Flexible electronics incorporate all the functional attributes of conventional rigid electronics in formats that have been altered to survive mechanical deformations. Osa flexible and stretchable inorganic optoelectronics. The balance and improvements of mechanical stretchability and electronic performance are the great challenges that restrict the further development of stretchable electronics. Standing enokitakelike nanowire films for highly stretchable elastronics. With accel, the project team are keen to merge and to enhance, the technologies developed through crest, and erato, into one sheet that allows easy biomonitoring just by applying to the skin. These devices are conformal to human skin or tissue due to mechanical compliance, which is extremely suitable for biomedical or clinical applications, such as bionic devices, monitors, or curing diseases. In the context of biomedical devices, related types of gels are already in widespread use for lowimpedance interfaces between metal electrodes and the. Professor, department of electric and electronic engineering, school of engineering, the university.
An integrated electronic platform with sitespecific sensitivity is highly needed for medical applications. From march to 15, the leading international exhibition for printed electronics. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Ultraflexible organic photonic skin science advances. Modern day electronics require electrical conductors as the fundamental building block for stretchable electronic devices and systems. Understanding the evolution of device performance during bending, stretching, or other mechanical cycling is, therefore, fundamental to research efforts in this area. Hence, we propose a novel fabrication method to introduce kirigami approach to pattern a highly conductive and transparent electrode into diverse shapes of stretchable electronics with multivariable configurability for.
Ultraflexible organic photonic skin conformable decoders. As the market and related industry for wearable electronics dramatically expands, there are continuous and strong demands for flexible and stretchable devices to be seamlessly integrated with soft and curvilinear human skin or clothes. Rubbery electronics and sensors from intrinsically. Mine structures of pdms and tiir merge the strengths of these elastomers to produce stretchable conductors that are protected from corrosion by the gasbarrier properties of tiir. Achieving gustafssons vision in which devices monitor and treat the body day in, day out will also require both new power sources and new ways of transmitting information. Paul, mn, usa was performed on the printed stretchable electrodes after 2000 times bending and 10,000 times stretching. Flexible and stretchable optoelectronics have attracted attention in recent years due to their remarkable capabilities for use in wearable computers, personal monitors, and other systems. Peeling testing using adhesive tapes scotch tape 610. Makoto takamiya, koichi ishida, tsuyoshi sekitani, takao someya, and takayasu. When electronic devices are worn, the mechanical flexibility andor stretchability of thinfilm devices helps to minimize the stress and discomfort associated with wear because of their conformability and softness. This is a very interesting field of application for printed electronics, emphasizes dr. On the other hand, recent development of stretchable electronics by creating them entirely from stretchable elastomeric electronic materials, i. Flexible and stretchable electronics paving the way for soft robotics.
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